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COAL, AND ORE HANDLING MACHINERY. 




/k 

Copyrighted 1890, 
by 

C. W. Hunt Company, 
45 Broadway, 

New York, 




COAL AND ORE HANDLING MACHINERY. 


A brief history of the development of Machinery for unloading and storing cargoes 
of Coal and Ore, -------- 

What Machinery shall I use ? ------ 

Hunt Elevator, - -- -- -- -- 

Hunt Automatic Railway, ------- 

Hunt Steam Shovel, - 

Hunt Hoisting Engine, - - 

Coal Pockets and Storage Sheds, ------ 

Wharves fitted with Hunt Machinery, ----- 

Hunt Hoisting Engines and Governor, Boilers, - - - 

Hunt Specialties for handling Coal and Ore, - 

Hunt Industrial Railways, 

McCaslin Transfer, - - ------ 


Pages 

3 to 27 
29 to 33 
35 to 38 
39 to 42 
43 to 46 

47 to 49 
51 to 53 
55 to 79 
80 to 83 
84 to 85 
86 to 88 
90 





2 


*"(£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. <£}-? 



No. 89. 

By Main Force and Stupidity, 










3 



THE EVOLUTION OF 

COAL HANDLING MACHINERY. 


No. 94. 

S HE tendency of machinery for unloading vessels and for handling coal, iron ore 
and similar materials, has been towards more rapid work, and at a less expense per 
ton, necessarily requiring machinery that is heavier, more complex, and more expen¬ 
sive. The change from doing the work almost entirely by hand, to the present 
method of doing the work wholly by machinery,, has been a gradual one. The first method 
required a great amount of hard physical labor. The present method requires but little 
exertion on the part of workmen, but requires more skill, entails greater responsibility, and 
a higher rate of wages per day. 












4 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. ST’ 


It will give a clearer idea of the changes in the method of handling 
improvements that have been made. 


, to follow the gradual 



No. 136.—Unloading Vessels in the West India Ports. 


The primitive method of unloading coal from vessels was for the workmen to carry it 
ashore in baskets on their heads. This method is still in general use in the ports of India, 
Africa, the West Indies and South America. From 50 to 150 men and women work 
together, and take out from three to four tons per day to each person employed. The 
wages paid are only a few cents per day, and the laborers are at about the lowest point in 
the scale of civilization. 







C ‘ W * HTJNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 5 

An improvement on this method is the one now in general use at New Orleans, and 
other lower Mississippi ports. The coal is shoveled directly into the wheelbarrows, and 
wheeled ashore on temporary plank runs. Eighteen wheelers, with a water carrier and an 
axe man, make a gang; there being two ganjfs to each boat, making a total of about forty 
men. Each man takes out on an average about six tons of coal per day. 


No. 118. — Unloading Coal at New Orleans. No, 111. — Coal Handling in Cincinnati, Ohio. 

At Cincinnati, Louisville and St. Louis the coal is shoveled into cars instead of wheel¬ 
barrows, which is an improvement upon the lower Mississippi methods, but yet is very 
laborious and expensive. 

* 

Another improvement was made by erecting a mast and gaflf, using half-barrels as tubs 







6 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, 


NEW YORK. 


and hoisting the coal with a horse, and dumping it into a cart, or into wheelbarrows on an 
elevated run. This saved wheeling the coal up hill or throwing it a great distance into cars. 
With this method there were employed two shovelers, one man to lead the horse, and from 
four to six men for dumping and wheeling, making a total of seven to nine men employed. 



The daily output was about ten tons per day for each man employed. It will be noticed that 
the workman on the cart has reached the point in civilization of wearing a Derby hat. 

Another improvement was made in 1857 by Mr. George Focht, whose business 
integrity and firmness of character made him widely known among users of this 
kind of machinery. Instead of the round wooden tub, he devised a peculiarly shaped 












7 


*“(£> C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 



No. 1146. — Modern Coal Tub. 

and balanced iron tub, which is now in almost universal use. This tub is top heavy 
when filled, and bottom heavy when empty, consequently it is self-dumping and self- 
righting. It is also formed so that it is much easier to fill than a round tub. This 
did not reduce the number of men, but increased their efficiency, and made the daily output 
about twelve tons for each man employed. 









8 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. sr* 


An improvement made by Mr. P. K. Dederick, of Albany, N. Y., was a horse-hoisting 
machine that very materially reduced the labor of the horse in hoisting. Previous to this, 
the horse walked forward to hoist a full bucket, and was obliged to back to lower the empty 
bucket into the hold of the vessel. With most horses, this latter was harder work than 
hoisting the loaded bucket, while the Dederick machine increased the speed of unloading but 
little, it reduced the labor of the horse about one-half. 



No. 1163.— Hoisting Coal from Canal Boats with Dederick Machines. 


The next decided step in advance was the introduction of The Hunt Automatic Railway. 
This Railway -is operated entirely by gravity, needing neither steam, horse nor manual power. 
The car runs down the track, dumps its load and returns to the loading place automatically. 


























































'(£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. pp 


9 


The workman does not accompany the car, and has ample time while the car is making the trip 
to weigh the coal and enter it in his weight-book. With one man only, the coal can be weighed 
and stored in any desired bin within 500 or 600 feet of the vessel. As the carrying capacity of 
this car is over sixty tons per hour, the number of shovelers in the hold of the vessel was 
increased to three, and the coal was hoisted by a small steam engine. The output now was 
about fifteen tons per hour, or 150 tons per day, with a total of five men employed : three 
shovelers, one hoister and one attending the automatic car, or an average of about twenty- 
five to thirty tons per day for each man employed. 



No. 2.—Coal Storage Plant, Elevator and Automatic Railway. 

The increase in the speed of handling by the use of the steam engine and the automatic 
car, made the swinging of the bucket, as it came out of the hold, whether using an ordinary 
gaff or hoisting from a sling from the mast head, very objectionable. This was overcome by the 
use of the “ Hunt Elevator,” which had inclined booms running out over the vessel, the bucket 
being hoisted vertically until it reached the booms, and then guided by a track up the booms 























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v ?£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. <£y> 


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c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. I I 

to the dumping place. The buckets moved exactly in the same path each trip. This per¬ 
mitted the engine to hoist at a greater speed, and also the use of larger buckets, which were 
gradually increased until it was customary to'use buckets holding from half a ton to one ton, 
depending on the class of vessels being unloaded. The number of shovelers was 



No. 122—H. L. Herbert & Co. Coal Yard, foot 29th St., E. R., N.Y. 
Steam Shovel Elevator, Automatic Railways and Coal Pockets. 


No. 106. — Pennsylvania Coal Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 
Four Movable Elevators 


increased from four to six men. The output per day with this machine was about 
thirty-five or forty tons per day for each man employed. This increase of weight in the 
buckets, and the increase in speed, caused a rapid wear of the hoisting rope. At¬ 
tempts to use wire rope were generally unsuccessful, principally because the workmen would 

























2 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 




frequently hook on a bucket that was standing ten or fifteen feet from the hatch. The engine 
would in this case draw the wire rope around the sharp corner of the hatch coamings; this 
would injure the rope, and it was this injury, instead of the legitimate wear that was most 
troublesome and destructive. Manila hoisting rope of the best quality could not always be pro¬ 
cured ; the users purchasing from ship chandlers, who usually only keep ordinary commercial 



No. 1028.—Hunt’s Patent Four Strand Manila Hoisting Rope. 

rope. We made a careful investigation of the causes of the wear or rope, an abstract of which 
will be found in our detailed description of ropes of our manufacture. We then had manu¬ 
factured, under our patent, a rope of the very finest quality of manila, laid up with the 
purest plumbago, and with sufficient tallow to hold it in position. The plumbago, 
obviated the internal wear, and the durability of the rope was increased two or three times 
that of ordinary rope used for hoisting purposes. 

The sheaves over which the rope ran, having a heavier load, and running more rapidly, 




C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK 


13 


caused trouble, and we then made the improvements in the bearings of these sheaves, which 
are found described in detail elsewhere. 



No. 1015. — Hunt’s Hoisting Blocks for manila rope. 

Shoveling coal is not only very hard work, but requires considerable skill. Owing to the 
intermittent character of the work, the wages paid are far above the ordinary price, for other 
labor and in most of the large coal handling centres “ Coal Shovelers’ Unions ” were formed that 
arbitrarily fixed the price for shoveling coal, which varies for the shoveling alone from eight to 
sixteen cents per ton at different ports. The wages received at these prices were from $4 to 
#8 per day for each workman. 




14 


^ _c ._w. 


HUNT COMPANY, NEW YO RK, g) * 


To reduce this expense, and at the same time to increase the daily output, we devised 
our Steam Shovel, which fills itself when lowered on the coal, and carries from one to one 
and a half tons to a load. It is entirely automatic both in filling and in dump¬ 
ing, ..'so that no one is required on the vessel in any way, except towards the last to 
scrape the coal out of the corners. It picks up the coal as clean as it can be done by 



19 


20 


Hunt’s Steam Shovel for Coal Handling. 

a man shoveling, does not injure the ceiling of the vessel in the least, and breaks the coal far 
less than hand shoveling. Usually one man is put on the vessel to attend the lines, and 
move the vessel to position from time to time as the coal is taken out, and towards the last 
to gather up the scattered coal. As this shovel and its load weigh about six thousand 
pounds, a very great increase in the size of the engine was necessary. 


























































’*“(£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


1 5 



No. 1127.— Hunt’s Rapid Hoisting Engine—75-horse power, with variable governor for steam shovel. 

With these powerful engines it required considerable skill on the part of the engineer 
to handle the throttle in hoisting. It was necessary tor the bucket to be started slowly from the 
hold of the vessel, the engine running at a moderate speed until it cleared the coam¬ 
ing of the hatches, then hoisted at the highest speed until it approached the projecting booms 







































































C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 



of the elevator, where it was then slowed up to a moderate speed, then run fast up the booms 
and stopped at the dumping point. To do this with rapidity and certainty at all times requires 
an amount of skill that it is sometimes difficult to obtain. To obviate this we have attached 
to our engines a governor arranged in a very peculiar manner. The governor is driven from 


1133. 1135. 

Hunt’s Governor for automatically changing the speed of the engine. 

the drum upon which the chain winds, and not from the shaft of the engine, and is 
arranged in such a manner that the speed can be automatically varied so as to make the 
different changes of speed entirely independent of the throttle valve, or the engineer. The 
engineer in hoisting throws the throttle valve wide open, the governor regulating the speed 
of the engine, fast or slow, at the different points, and with unerring certainty. 






1 7 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 

This shovel carries over a ton of coal at each trip, and will make a round trip in about 
forty-five seconds, which makes a theoretical amount of one hundred tons hoisted per 
hour, but the average speed ot unloading in discharging cargoes is from fifty to seventy tons 
pei hour at each hatch, with one man on the vessel, one at the engine to hoist and one to 
attend the automatic car, making a total of three men who take out from five hundred to 
seven hundred tons per day, or from one hundred and sixty to two hundred and thirty tons per 
day for each man employed at the work; thus the efficiency of one man’s work 
has been increased, by the use of modern machinery, from three to over two hun- 



No. 128 —Automatic machinery with bridge 300 feet span especially adapted to iron ore handling. 
The Elevator and bridge are movable along the entire length of the wharf. 


dred tons per day ot ten hours, or in the proportion of about seventy to one, and 
the increase since 1873 , when our Mr. Hunt began the introduction of our automatic 
machinery, has been about twenty to one, and at the same time the physical exertion of 
the laborer is much less severe, and the wages paid to the workmen per day nearly fifty per 
cent, greater. 

Notwithstanding this increase in the price paid to the workmen, the whole labor expense 
of taking coal out of a vessel, hoisting it from thirty to ninety feet, weighing it and running it back 
from two hundred to three hundred feet and storing it in elevated bins or pockets ready to draw 










1 8 


c. w. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 0 ^ 

into carts, in no case exceeds three cents per ton, and has been reduced in some cases to 
one and one-tenth cent per ton in regular work. 

Formerly, the coal was piled on the ground and exposed to the weather; As 
the business increased coal sheds were built to protect it from snow and lain. The enoi- 
mous expansion of the trade required some of these buildings to be very large, and the loss of 



No. 113.—3000 iton Coal Pocket with Hunt’s Automatic Machinery. No. 79.—Coal Building, with Hunt’s Patent Tunnel. 

time in loading teams, and the great delay while waiting for each other, where a large num¬ 
ber were employed, led to the erection of what are usually called ‘‘coal pockets, or build¬ 
ings for holding coal, that are elevated one story, the teams driving beneath the floor on 
which the coal rests and loading the coal into carts or wagons by drawing it through chutes. 

The very great strength required in these buildings that must sustain many thousand 
tons, led. to the construction of buildings requiring an especial engineering training and 





















V ~(£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


19 


experience. In the engravings will be found many examples, for the most of which we 
made the general and detailed drawings. * 

As it is necessary to screen anthracite coal, a somewhat peculiar valve and screen is used, 
especially adapted for use in these pockets. This permits coal to be loaded into the wagons, 
and screened very much more carefully than it is practical to do by hand. 



10UG. 1007. 

Coal Chute with Briggs Valve and removable Screen. 

Of the great number of valves and chutes devised for Anthracite Coal, that invented by 
Mr. J. N. Briggs, of Albany, is the simplest and most efficient. It has the great advantage 
that a large piece of coal will go through it as easily as a small piece, and it can never get 
obstructed. For convenience they are made with removable screens of various sizes so that 




















































20 


c, w. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 



No. 99. — New York Gas Light Co. Two Elevators and 
Automatic Railways. 


No. 100 -R. P. Elmore & Co., Milwaukee. Three Movable 
Elevators and Automatic Railways. 














the coal can be thoroughly screened, and run into the cart without hand labor, the 
screenings being run into a separate bin. * 

It will be seen that a complete apparatus for coal handling is a very expensive affair, 
but this large expense is justified by the great speed and the low cost per ton at which 
the coal can be handled. The expense, of unloading a ton of coal from a vessel in most of onr 



No. 95—Milwaukee Gas Light Co., Coal wharf. 3 Elevators, movable on top ot the building. 

seaports has been, by the usual method employed by stevedores, twenty-five cents per ton for 
shoveling and hoisting, about three cents per ton for wheeling, to which must be added a 
charge for the expense of screening and loading into carts, making a total expense of from 
thirty to forty cents per ton, and in many parts of the country a higher price is paid. 

The same work of taking from a vessel, hoisting, weighing and running back and stor¬ 
ing in coal pockets ready to draw by gravity into carts, in many yards using our machinery, 








22 


V-^ C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. " 


does not exceed three cents per ton^ only one-thirteenth the cost of the previous method of 
working. The difference in the expense of handling coal for one year by the two methods, 
after making an allowance for fuel, oil and for interest and depreciation on the plant would 
be a large sum. This great saving will justify a large expenditure for machinery, and 



No. 96.—Lehigh Coal & Iron Co., West Superior, Wis. Fitted with Hunt Machinery, * wharf 2000 ft. long 300 ft. wide. Nine 
Elevators and 75 Automatic Railways—Capacity for unloading from vessels, 7000 tons per day. 

any false economy in the size, capacity or perfection of the machinery will be the poorest kind 
of business judgment. 

The time has passed when a coal dealer can in any ol our cities permanently do 
business on a small capital, or with cheap fixtures. Harsh as it may seem, it is 

* When docks have a long water front, the Elevators are set on wheels running on a track along the water front, or on the side 
and top of the building. The engine is placed in the Elevator, and the whole affair moved to any part of the wharf required. In this 
way only as many Elevators are built as may be needed to unload at the requisite speed ; yet a very long dock can be fully utilized 










^qT) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, pp? 


23 

unquestionably true that such a one must sooner or later retire from the business and leave 
the field to those who are thoroughly equipped to work rapidly and cheaply. 

The following table shows the comparative cost of Coal handling in various ports, 

AND THE SAVING THAT IS MADE BY THOSE USEING THE MOST IMPROVED MACHINERY. 


1889. 

New York. 

Boston. 

Milwaukee 
and Lake Ports. 

Regular price charged by stevedores for shoveling 
and hoisting one ton of coal from the vessels. 

15 cts. 

25 cts. 

35 cts. 

Wheeling to bin, average distance. 

2 cts. 

2 cts. 

4 cts. 

Screening from the stock pile and loading into carts or 
wagons... 

6 cts. 

7 cts. 

6 cts. 

Allowance for loss of time of the team while waiting to 
be loaded by hand labor.. 

10 cts. 

12 cts. 

10 cts. 

Total cost of handling the coal from the hold of the 
vessel to the delivery wagon . .. 

33 cts. 

46 cts. 

55 cts. 

The cost shown by experience, of doing the same work 
by 0111 Automatic Machinery, such as shown in 
engravings Nos. 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 
101, 103, 105, 106, no, 113, 116, and 122, would not 
exceed on the most suitable vessel. 

2 cts. 

3 cts. 

3 cts. 

The cost on such vessels as can now be chartered 
without trouble. 

2 \ cts. 

4 cts. 

6 cts. 

Difference between stevedore charges and the cost 

from 30!, cts. 

from 42 cts. 

from 49 cts. 

with Automatic Machinery. 

to 31 cts. 

to 43 cts. 

to 52 cts. 

























24 % ~ 17 ) Cf. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK._ 



No. 83.—Hunt’s Automatic Machinery adapted to Coaling Steamships. 



















































































C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


25 


A dealer handling forty thousand tons of^coal per annum by using the Hunt machinery 
would save at New York prices $12,000, at Boston prices $17,000 and at lake port prices 
$20,000 a year. 

Omitting all the advantages which this machinery gives in the rapid discharging of 
vessels, the saving in wharf room to do the same business, the less number of horses, 
wagons and stable room to be provided, the freedom from strikes of laborers, and the more 
perfect screening of coal sent out, the annual saving to a dealer handling forty thousand tons 
would justify an expenditure for machinery and storage pockets : New York, $80,000, Boston, 
$123,000, lake ports $133,000, estimated on the basis of six per cent, interest for the money, 
and a deduction of ten per cent, for wear and tear, which will permit a total renewal of every 
part of the investment every ten years. 

The different parts of this machinery are described elsewhere, together with many modi¬ 
fications it is advisable to make in peculiar situations to suit the different materials, and the 
amount of work to be done. A small yard handling but two or three thousand tons per 
year would not be justified in making so large an expenditure as the most perfect machinery 
would entail. In such cases they can use parts of it that will make the greatest saving for a 
justifiable expenditure. 

As the efficiency of this class of machinery depends not only upon the best design, but 
also upon the perfection of the workmanship, so that there will not be expensive and vexatious 
delays, we build all of the machinery at our own shops under the strictest supervision, both as 
to material and workmanship. 

The laws of nature are inexorable, and no amount of enthusiasm in the maker, rhetoric 
in description, or fancy paint and polish, will make poorly designed and poorly built machin¬ 
ery satisfactory when put to the test of regular work. We, like other business men, elect what 
class of customers to deal with. We seek that class of purchasers who wish machinery thor- 



26 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, 




No. 116 .—E. L. Hedstrom &Co., South Chicago. III. Four Eleva¬ 
tors, Automatic Railways and Coal Pockets. 


No. 101 .—Robert Law, Chicago, Ill. Six Elevators and Automatic 
Railways. The roof of this coal shed covers five acres. 



No. 110 .— Pennsylvania Coal Co., Chicago Ill, Three Elevators 
and Automatic Railways. 



No. 103 .—Brooklyn Sugar Refining Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Elevator, 
Automatic Railway and Coal Pocket. The Automatic 
Car is 80 ft. above wharf. 


































2 7 


<l ~^) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, 

oughly well built, and which has every part carefully made from the best materials, and who are 
willing to pay whatever amount may be necessary to obtain such an article. For this 
reason we give no anxious thought as to whether this or that can be made a little 
cheaper, but have the materials and workmanship just as thoroughly good as possible. The 
sole criterion being whether the article will be better adapted for its work or more dura¬ 
ble in use. We do not, and will not, make any machinery that is not as good in every respect as 
though the purchaser himself had selected the materials, and personally supervised the con¬ 
struction. 

Our customers are entirely those who use and wear out the articles they purchase, 
consequently quality takes precedence of cost with them. Having no trade with middle men, 
and paying no commissions, there is no temptation to reduce the quality of articles to com¬ 
pete with those who seek that class of business. 

It is a common idea that because coal is heavy and dusty, coal machinery is rough 
and coarse. This is a wholly mistaken belief; no Waltham watch or Baldwin locomotive 
is more carefully designed, the details more thoroughly studied, or the materials more care¬ 
fully selected and worked into shape than are the working parts of the Hunt Shovel, Elevator 
and Automatic Railway. At first sight it may seem to be a useless refinement to work 
to templets and turn shafts to vary less than one-thousandth part of an inch, make taper fits and 
other refinements of modern machanism on machinery to be roughly handled, covered 
with grease and dust and exposed to every storm, but it is a positive economy, as the 
increased durability and freedom from delays justify this painstaking care and expense. 

Possibly some readers may have the idea that the improvements made in this class of 
machinery have first been a happy thought put into the form of a drawing or model, and that 
then the inventor has sought, in some class of business, a customer who would adopt the 
device and put it into use. The various kinds of machinery built by the C. W. Hunt Com¬ 
pany have had a widely different origin. Every improvement has been devised to meet a 
definite want of a customer, and not invented first and a place to use it found afterwards. 
This wholly eliminates experimental machinery; a real want is met, instead of an inventor’s 
idea of what somebody ought to want. 



28 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, (gp* 


MODERN 


COAL HANDLING MACHINERY. 



H. G. Jordon & Co., Coal Yard, Boston, Mass, Steam Shovels, Movable Elevators, Variable Automatic Hoisting 
Engines, Automatic Railways, Coal Pockets, and Screens. 






WHAT MACHINERY SHALL I USE? 



Coal is distributed throughout the Eastern part of the United States by being carried by 
rail from the mines to the various shipping ports, and from thence carried to the point of 
consumption, in every part of the sea coast reached by water, in vessels varying in size from 
60 to 3,500 tons. There is also a large distribution of coal from Buffalo, Cleveland, Ash¬ 
tabula, and the various lower lake ports by water to Chicago, Milwaukee, Gladstone, Ash¬ 
land, Superior, Duluth, and other points in the northwest. The remainder of the coal is 
delivered directly from the mines to the consumer by rail. The very large amount distributed 
by water carriage makes it necessary to use machinery for taking the coal from the vessels and 
delivering it to the carts ready to distribute to the consumers. This difference in the method 
of transportation divides this kind of coal handling machinery into two kinds, which are 
entirely distinct from each other in mechanical construction : one for unloading coal from 
vessels, the other taking the coal from the cars, each one delivering either directly into carts, or 
storing it in bins or pockets, and then delivering to carts or locomotives. The first class of 
machinery, viz., that taking the coal from the vessels alongside, hoisting, placing in bins and 













30 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. (Jp? 


delivering to carts, is more or less complex and expensive, according to the amount of business 
to be done. Where the business is very large, the most complete and expensive rapid-working 
machinery is used. Where the amount is small, a large expenditure for the most perfect-working 
plant would not be justified by the saving in expense of handling. The expense and the per¬ 
fection of the machinery that should be used can only be decided by taking into consideration 
all of the conditions of a particular location, such as the amount to be handled per annum, the 
greatest amount to be handled per day, the size and the class of the vessels, the location of 
the yard, the regularity or irregularity in the receipt or the distribution of the coal, the 
wages of men per day, the difficulty of obtaining suitable labor, and the liabilities of strikes. 
Each of these has its effect in making a definite decision. While it is impossible to accu¬ 
rately decide what machinery should be used, without a full knowledge of all of these points, 
yet the general experience of coal dealers and stevedores, handling this class of materials, is 
an approximate guide to the machinery that should be adopted. Taking a general survey of 
this class of business, and drawing our conclusions from the actual practice of men most 
interested in doing the work with the greatest economy, we find that— 

It is usual for dealers handling 500 tons of coal per annum, or less, to use a mast and 
gaff, similar to that shown in cuts Nos. 1080, 126, with steel coal tubs, holding about 1-6 
to 1-5 of a ton, similar to cut No. 1022, using a horse for hoisting and dumping into carts. 
Where the coal is to be put on the wharf, the gaff is swung around and the bucket is 
dumped on the pile of coal on the wharf. 

When the volume of business runs from 500 to 1,000 tons per annum, it is usual to 
make the mast higher and to erect an elevated trestle or track, and using on this either 
wheel-barrows, such as shown in cut No. 1117, or a car, such as cut No. 1139, 



» 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 31 

When the business exceeds 1,000 tons per annum and running up to 2 , 000 , the Auto¬ 
matic Railway (cut No. 2), elsewhere described, is usually used, instead of the wheel-barrows. 
In particular locations, especially for use in unfavorably-placed buildings, the cars are 
moved by hand, instead of running automatically as the Automatic Railway. In handling 
this amount of coal it is very common to use a small steam engine for hoisting, instead of 
horses, especially if the coal comes in cargoes of 200 tons, or over. 

In a business of from 2,000 to 5,000 tons per annum, the most suitable machinery is 
the coal hoisting elevator and Automatic Railway, such as shown in cut No, 2 , a steam¬ 
hoisting engine and steel self-dumping coal buckets, holding a half ton of coal each. 
With this magnitude of business it is advisable to have a coal pocket of a greater or less 
capacity, which is a building holding the coal and ten or twelve feet above the level of the 
ground, the teams driving under and drawing the coal from the bins through chutes directly 
into the carts. These coal pockets require to be of great strength and especially constructed 
for the purpose, and fitted with chutes with suitable valves and screens for convenience in 
use and for the delivery of clean coal. 

Exceeding 5,000 tons per annum the same machinery is needed, with the exception 
that instead of coal tubs to be filled by hand, the steam shovel should be used, if the class 
of vessels in which the coal is received is suitable for its use. If the vessels are such that the 
steam shovel cannot be used, then the ordinary steel self-dumping buckets are to be used, 
holding 1-2 to 3-4 ton each, the coal being shoveled by hand. A plant of this character is 
capable of doing an annual business of from 30,000 to 40,000 tons, if the coal can be received 
during the whole season in the usual manner. The working capacity per day of ten hours 
would average about 200 to 350 tons, if using the ordinary buckets filled by hand, and from 
500 to 600 tons per day \yith the use of the steam shovel. 

For storing iron ore and other minerals in quantity, a modification in storage tracks 



C. W. HUNT COMPANY,, NEW YORK. 




is made, as it is desirable to have no posts in ore piles. In this case the Automatic Track is 
carried on a light iron bridge 200 to 350 feet span. The support at each end is on 
wheels, so that the whole affair, with the elevator, Automatic Railway and hoisting engines 
move bodily along the wharf, making a pile of any length. See cut No. 128. 

Where the cargoes to be received are large and the despatch of the vessel important, 
duplicate sets of machinery are frequently used, working two hatches at the same time on 
the same vessel. In the lake ports, where a steamer carrying coal tows two consorts, 
machinery must in this case be extensive enough to unload three vessels at one time, as one 
vessel cannot leave until the others are unloaded. The Lehigh Coal & Iron Co., at West 
Superior, Wis. (cut No. 96), have nine elevators, which will work three hatches in each of three 
vessels, and when there are two vessels, they can work four hatches in one, and five in the other. 
Machinery nearly as extensive is in use at Gladstone, Mich., and at E. L. Hedstrom’s dock, South 
Chicago (cut No. 116), and many others. The necessity for this large amount of expensive 
machinery is to save the time of the vessels. In all of the lake ports it is customary to work 
at two or more hatches of a vessel at the same time, as vessel owners will not charter unless 
the consignee will agree to unload from at least two hatches at the same time. 

In this catalogue the different parts of the machinery needed for handling coal are de¬ 
scribed separately, as they perform different parts of the work, and more or less of these 
different machines are combined according to the situation and the work to be done. 

Possibly the reader may not get a perfect idea of the operation of our machinery from 
the detail descriptions given elsewhere, although we have attempted to make them as simple 
as possible. There is only one way to get a clear and true idea of it, and that is to see it 
actually at work. An hour spent in seeing the general operation and examining the 
details, will do more to give you a correct idea of it than all the descriptions and photo¬ 
graphs that we can publish. 



C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


33 


Since 1873, we have been building this class of machinery, and the theory that we 
have constantly had in view is, first, that it is not advisable as a business to build machinery 
for temporary work, but only for places where it would be used in a regular methodical busi¬ 
ness when durability and economical working would please the purchaser, and also advertise 
it to others, and next, that we would build everything in design, materials and workmanship, 
just as carefully as though the purchaser was personally present to inspect every part, and 
that for such design, materials and work, we would charge a just and reasonable price. No 
matter what a customer might say, or think that he wanted, we knew that if he wanted the 
machinery to use in a regular business, he really wanted the materials good, and built with 
careful workmanship ; and we have persistently refused to build lighter or cheaper machinery, 
believing that such work would only be working ourselves out of business, as the tendency 
of modern machinery is to do work faster and at less expense per ton. 

Persons who do not fully comprehend the hard usage coal machinery gets, or who do 
not fully understand the quality of our work, have supposed that our machinery is too heavy, 
and too expensive; but experience has shown that for durability and freedom from repairs, 
it is not too heavy, as its general adoption by capable and successful business men in all 
parts of America amply proves. 

There are now about 4,500,000 tons of coal, ore and phosphates, handled by this 
machinery each year, by ordinary workmen, whose care of the machinery in many cases is 
thoroughly bad, yet in all this time there has never been a breakage of anything that we 
have furnished that has caused the death of a workman, although coal handling is cqnsid- 
ered a dangerous business. While we cannot expect this record to always last, yet it has 
been exempt from serious accident so long that we take especial pains to have our machinery 
so carefully made and inspected, that the good record will continue, and the danger to the 
men working it, will be reduced to a minimum. 



34 




c. w. 



co 

c 

£ 


HUNT 


Side view of an Elevator and Automatic Railway for handling coal or ore. 


COMPANY, NEW YORK. ^ ^ 



Elevator and Automatic Railway, arranged to take coal from dump cars. 















































































































HUNT ELEVATOR. 



No. 106. 


/ his elevator is designed for rapid and economical hoisting of coal and ore from vessels. 

Whenever the magnitude of the business, or the height of the hoist makes it unad- 
visable to use the ordinary mast and gaff, this elevator should be used. The bucket is 
carried from the hold of the vessel to its dumping place, every trip in exactly the same course, 
whether it is large or small, and at any rapidity which the business demands. The 
motions of the bucket are fixed, so that there is none of the ordinary swinging caused 








^6 c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 

either by a difference in the speed of hoisting or by the effect of wind. The bucket is carried 
exactly where it is wanted, rising vertically from the hold of the vessel to the booms, running 
up the boom arid dumping at a fixed place. 

These elevators are built of different sizes and proportioned to suit the work to be 
done. The lighter size is especially adapted for coal or ore hoisting, using any size bucket 
up to one ton capacity each. A heavier elevator is built for handling the steam shovel 
that is especially arranged for rapid and safe work. A third size is built of 
massive proportions for handling boxes containing 10 tons of coal for shipping from 
cars into vessels. In each of these styles the booms that project over the vessel are 
moved horizontally over the wharf when not in use. As they swing on a vertical 
axis one man can easily swing them into position, where they are held by guy ropes. The 
booms db not move while the elevator is in operation, but are swung to a position that will 
permit the steam shovel or bucket to drop vertically into the hold of the vessel. As it is 
sometimes difficult to get the hatch of the vessel directly opposite to the elevator, the booms 
are adjusted to swing sideways to bring the steam shovel or bucket to any desired point. The 
chock on the booms is movable so that the, bucket can be made to descend at any point from 
the extreme outer end of the booms to the inner side of the vessel. In operation, the engine 
hoists the bucket vertically from the hold of the vessel until the running block attached to 
the tub strikes the truck on the projecting booms. As the engine continues to hoist the 
tub and truck, both run up the boom until over the hopper or car, when the bucket strikes 
a dumping attachment which dumps the load of coal out. The rope is then slackened, 
permitting the truck and the bucket to run down the booms until the truck strikes the chock, 
which arrests the motion of the truck. As the engine continues to pay out the rope, the 
bucket then descends vertically into the hold of the vessel, when the steam shovel fills itself 



37 


c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 

with coal, or in using ordinary tubs the hoisting block is unhooked from the empty tub and 
hooked on to a full tub, which the men have filled in the hold while the previous tub was 
being hoisted. In hoisting coal with a steam shovel but one is used, as it takes only five 
seconds for the shovel to fill itself with coal; but when the material is shoveled by hand, 
several tubs must be used—usually three—one being hoisted, one being filled, and a filled one 
being moved to the hatch ready to hoist when the empty tub is lowered. Where speed of 



No. 30-Three stationary elevators. The shovel can be swung to the position shown by the dotted lines and work equally well, 
unloading is slow, two can be used, but where the greatest speed possible is necessary, in 
large vessels, four and sometimes five tubs are used at one hatch, each carrying from 1,000 
to 1,500 pounds of coal. When not in use, the whole projecting parts of the elevator swing 
sideways over the wharf, leaving the waterway unobstructed. 

To unload from two hatches of a vessel at the same time, two elevators are used, they 
being erected as far apart as the average distance between hatches of the vessels to be unloaded. 





















38 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


When the hatches are closer together than the elevators, the booms of elevators are swung 
toward each other until they are in position to allow the tubs to descend into each hatch. 
If the hatches are further apart, the booms are swung away from each other in like manner. 
They can be adjusted to any position, even while in operation. When docks have a long 
water front, the elevators are set on double flange wheels running on a track parallel with the 
water front, or on top of the trestle work or the building. The engine is placed inside the 
elevator and the whole affair moves to any part of the wharf required. In this way the whole 
of the wharf front is available for hoisting, and only as many elevators are built as may be needed 
to unload at the requisite speed. In these cases the boiler is usually placed on the ground 
and steam carried by a pipe running parallel to the front of the wharf, from which the engine 
takes steam by connection at any point. It requires about the same effort to move the 
elevator on its track as to move an ordinary loaded freight car. These elevators have been 
built in all parts of the country to unload from all classes of vessels and barges, for use in 
quarries and in buildings, and variations in strength, the arrangement and the details have 
been made to suit almost all cases that occur in practice. 

The earlier elevators were not as complete and elaborate as those now built, and as 
improvements were made one part would frequently, interfere with another, the bearing 
surfaces w r ould not be sufficient, or sufficient precautions were not taken against carelessness 
in operation, but these difficulties were eliminated step by step until the present machinery 
embodies the experience of hundreds of men in all parts of the country, and in almost all 
conditions of work and operated by all classes of workmen. Elevators for coal hoisting, with 
the steam shovel or, for ordinary buckets, are made to standard size and the working parts 
to accurate gauge. They are always kept in stock ready for immediate shipment. Special 
sizes are made to suit any special work. 



HUNT AUTOMATIC RAILWAY. 



“The Automatic Railway” is now in general use for running the coal back from the 
front of wharf to the storage bin or pocket. It is an elevated self-acting railway, operated 
entirely by gravity, there is no steam, horse or manual power required' in its operation. 
The chief peculiarity consists in storing sufficient energy which has been acquired by 
the loaded car descending an inclined track, which is utilized after the load has been 
discharged, to return the empty car back to the place from, whence it started. The coal is 
hoisted from the boat, either by horse or steam power, and dumped into the car by an attend¬ 
ant. One man only is needed to operate the railway, who starts the car when filled, but 
does not accompany it. The car runs down the track, dumps its load at any desired point and 























40 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, 

returns to the hand of the workman. It runs with great rapidity, making a trip of three 
hundred feet, dumping its load and returning in about thirty-five seconds. The car 
is so entirely automatic that it requires no attention whatever from the time of starting until 
its return to the workman for another load. 

When a loaded car reaches the end of its journey it has raised a weight to a certain 
height, by means of a cable which the car picks up while running down the track ; 



No. 1024 -Regular Automatic Car. No. I016.-Special Automatic Car. 


the fall of this weight is sufficient to return the empty car back to its starting point. 
The weight rises only a limited distance, its object is to give the car a start back, its momentum 
carrying it the remaining distance. Care has been taken to make the raising of the weight a 
gradual movement, so that as few sudden strains as possible are brought on the various parts. 
Great care has been taken in the proportions of the different parts to get this machine 










4i 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, gy* 

perfectly automatic in its working, and at the same time be thoroughly durable and free 
from destructive wear or delays. 

The regular cars used on this track discharge the load by opening the sides by 
means of a tripping block placed on the track, letting the coal run out on each side of the 
track. The bottom has a ridge in the centre so that the material runs entirely out; the 
sides are fastened, not to the car, but to each other, so that if one is unfastened, both are. 
The load is always discharged evenly and without danger of overturning the car, although 
it is a very narrow gauge. 

The car is built of wood and lined with sheet steel in the best manner, with self-adjusting 
bearings, rubber springs and steel axles. The bearings are somewhat peculiar, as they are 
so arranged that the car runs around a curve of thirty feet radius theoretically as easily as on 
a straight line, and practically nearly as easily. A description of these bearings will be 
found in our catalogue on Industrial Railways. 

The gauge of the track is narrow, twenty - two inches between the flanges of the 
wheels. The steel wire rope that raises the weight is detached from the car ex¬ 
cept during the time that the car is raising the weight and receiving the impulse to 
return; this permits the loading end of the track to be curved to suit almost any situation. 
The engravings illustrating the arrangement of tracks in various yards will show that the 
tracks can be adapted to almost any situation. 

This railway can be easily erected in any yard, as there are no confusion ot ropes, no 
switches or turn outs, no loose pieces to get lost or stolen, and there is nothing to take care 



of or put away. The car is left just as it was used, and is ready for work at any time. The 
returning weight can be placed at any part of the track desired and be entirely boxed in and 
coal piled around it; it needs no attention whatever. 

All material received over the railway can be accurately weighed without delay or extra 
expense, by placing platform scales in the track at the loading end, the workman who 
loads the car also weighs the load, and while the car is running down the track enters the 
weight in the tally-book. 

The expense of storing coal with the Automatic Railway is reduced to the wages of one 
man. The expense is the same whether a small or large amount' is handled. 

We furnish the car complete, the steel, wire rope, sheaves, cross-bars, spikes, fish joints 
and all the working parts, together with drawings for the erection. The intention is to 
furnish every part so that the purchaser will have no blacksmith or machine shop bills 
to pay. These automatic cars and all parts of the machinery are always kept in stock, 
and immediate shipments can be made. 

The engravings of docks, fitted with the Hunt Machinery, show the extensive use of this 
railway and the great variety of situations it is adapted to. It is at work in so many places 
that it is but little trouble for those who are interested to go and see it in practical opera¬ 
tion in any of the yards that are given in the list of users accompanying. As this is a special 
machine, to be built of such height and length as will suit each particular lccation, we would 
be pleased to have any party, thinking of using it, send us a description of his location, and 
we will then send a plan and an estimate of the cost without charge. 




HUNT STEAM SHOVEL. 



No. 154 —Ready to Close. No. 155 —Four seconds later. 

Shoveling coal in vessels is not only very hard work, but requires considerable skill, 
and owing to the intermittant character of the work and the desirability of discharging a 
vessel quickly, the wages paid are far above ordinary prices for labor. In most of the coal 
handling centers there are laborers who make a business of shoveling coal, and in many 
places they have formed a coal shovelers’ union, and arbitrarily fixed the price not only for 







44 


c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 

the shoveling of the coal, but also for the hours in which they will labor and the number of 
men that will be permitted to work in a vessel at a time, and in many places they require 
the coal dealers to sign an agreement with them to respect their rules. 

In handling Anthracite coal, all the breakage of the merchantable size to pea and dust 
is nearly a total loss to the dealer, and the reduction of this breakage is one valuable feature 
of the steam shovel. The scoops reach 7 feet, pushing their way under a ton to a ton and 
a half of coal, which causes very much less breakage than taking a ton of coal up in about 
150 shovels full and dashing one on top of the other in a tub. Another feature is, that no 
men are at work under the shovel, as it fills itself entirely, and when men are needed in the 
hold it is not to assist the shovel, but it is to scrape the coal out from under the deck where 
the shovel cannot reach, so the men are not working under the shovel as they do 
in ordinary coal hoisting. It picks up the coal as clean as can be done by a hand shovel/ and 
does not, and cannot injure the ceiling of the vessel in the least. The handling of this shovel 
by the engineer is an extremely simple matter, a single drum-hoisting engine of sufficient power 
hoists the shovel up, and when it reaches the top of the booms over the hopper, the shovel 
automatically dumps itself. The engineer has nothing to do except to hoist it up to the desig¬ 
nated point, it is then lowered into the hold of the vessel, with the scoops open, ready for 
filling. The engineer then starts his engine, when the shovel automatically fills and is hoisted 
the same as the preceding one. There is no more skill needed in hoisting this shovel than 
in hoisting the ordinary tub, and in most cases it requires less skill, as we attach to all our 
engines for this purpose, a governor that runs the engine at the correct speed at every point 



40 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. JT' 

in the hoist, changing it from slow to fast, and from fast to slow, automatically, so that the 
engineer in hoisting throws the throttle wide open and leaves it open until the shovel has 
dumped its load in the hopper, the governor varying the speed of the hoisting engine exactly 
as it was set to do for accomplishing the best work. 

The saving in the expense of unloading a vessel with the Steam Shovel is very great. 
The average expense for the workmen who attend to the shovel in the vessel is usually not 
over one cent per ton and the total labor expense of unloading the coal from the vessel, 
accurately weighing it and storing it in coal pockets ready to draw into the carts, is in many 
places less than two cents per ton, and in no case heretofore has the expense been greater 
than three cents per ton. The .wear and repairs of the machinery are very slight indeed. 
The expense for hoisting chain is almost exactly the same amount per ton of coal hoisted as 
manila rope to hoist the same quantity, and the repairs to the shovel in a series of years 
would probably not exceed i-ioth of a cent per ton. 

In vessels suitable for the steam shovel no shovelers are required, the shovel filling 
itself automatically and the whole cargo is discharged without shovelers, with the exception 
that coal in the corners of the boats must be scraped out so that the shovel can reach it. 
In many vessels the hatches are so large that nearly all the cargo is discharged before a 
workman enters the boat for any purpose. In less convenient vessels, it is necessary to 
have one and sometimes two men to assist in getting the coal out where the shovel can 
reach it. In large vessels having hatches, as large a proportion of the cargo cannot be 
taker} out with the shovel as in those that are made especially for coal carrying. In big 




46 C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. ^ 

vessels, the amount that it would be necessary to shovel forward would vary from a small 
percentage to 10 or 12 percent, where the hatches were inconvenient. The steam shovel 
carries from one ton to one ton and a half per load and makes about one trip per minute, 
so that the speed in unloading is at the rate of from 60 to 80 tons per hour, and at times, 
when everything is favorable, over 100 tons per hour. The usual amount taken out in ten 
hours, taking into consideration all the delays that usually occur in shifting from hatch to 
hatch, and in cleaning up the vessel, runs from 450 to 550 tons at one hatch. 

In the construction of the shovel the greatest pains are taken in the materials and 
workmanship, to secure immunity from delay and durability in use. Every part is made to 
a standard templet so that in case of an injury to any part, it can be renewed at once with a 
certainty of a fit. All the bearings in the shovel are bushed with bronze bushings that can 
be pushed out and a new one inserted in its place, as they are all made to templets. In this 
way, no matter how long the shovel is in service, the working parts can be kept in as perfect 

r ... 

order as when it was first received. 

The advantages of this Steam Shovel are : 

That it fills itself automatically. 

It reduces the breakage of coal 

It reduces the expense and increases the speed of discharging. 

It is safer for the workmen. 

A single drum engine is used. 

There is no swinging or twisting in hoisting. 



HUNT HOISTING ENGINE. 


~ 7 ~ he power of steam-hoisting- engines has kept pace with the increase in the size of the 
qO) tubs and the speed of hoisting. At first engines were small, having but one cylinder, 
5 or 6 inches in diameter ; now our regular engine is five times as large, having two 
cylinders 8^ inches in diameter,'and our steam-shovel engine eight times as large, having two 
cylinders, each io inches in diameter. This increase in the size of the engine takes no more 
steam to hoist a single ton of coal than the small one did, but it hoists it more rapidly, 
permitting more coal to be hoisted in a day. An engine that is abundantly able to do this 
work is more durable and more free from trouble in the bearings and the steam-joints. In 
the earlier engines, the drum upon which the rope wound was quite small, but it was found 
that when the rope had wound up on the drum in one layer and mounted to commence a 
second laver, that the chafing of the rope made it fail at this point; for this reason we have 
enlarged the drums of our engines until they are 34 inches in diameter and long enough to 
wind up 150 feet of 4^-inch rope in one layer. 

For rapid and economical work, the engines lower the bucket by friction, the engine 
standing still while the bucket is descending. In case of any injury to this, a brake is also 
added, which the workman operates by his foot. This is only used to hold the bucket in mid 
air or when the friction from some accident fails to hold. Our hoisting engines are fitted with, 
this brake, and friction clutch and an improved throttle valve, all the levers being so arranged 
that they are convenient for the engineer to operate either while watching his bucket in 


48 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 

hoisting or lowering. The levers can also be extended to any distance that it is necessary to 
have the engineer located, so that he can see every part of the work he is doing. 

Our Steam-Shovel hoisting engine is fitted with a special governor that runs it fast when the 
bucket rises vertically from the boat, slows the engine when it reaches the booms, runs it fast 
up the booms and slows up to dump. This is done automatically while the engineer has 
the throttle wide open. The object of this is to increase the speed of hoisting as well as for 
safety, by reducing the constant strain on the nerves of the engineer. He hoists with the 
throttle wide open, paying no attention to it except when the shovel is started from the hold 
of the vessel, throwing the throttle wide open, the governor taking care of the speed entirely 
until the shovel is dumped He cannot by any possibility run the engine at an excessive 
speed when the shovel reaches the boom or when it is dumping. He could turn his back 
on the engine when hoisting at full speed, with the throttle wide open, as it needs no atten¬ 
tion until the shovel has dumped in the top of the elevator. In case of necessity, an ordinary 
laborer could run the engine fairly well. This governor differs from the ordinary governors, 
as they are intended to run the engine at a regular speed, while this one runs the engine at an 
irregular speed. This governor is fitted to our regular hoisting engines when ordered. 

The steam for running hoisting engines is usually furnished on small wharves by a vert¬ 
ical boiler. These boilers are of small cost and strong, but are not as economical in fuel or 
as free from repairs as the better class of stationary boilers. They are usually used because 
there is but little room on the wharf for the boiler or on account of the smaller first cost. 
Where the space is very limited we furnish boilers on the same bed plate as the engine ; but 
where there is room it is advisable to separate the engine and the boiler a few feet in order to 
prevent the ashes from flying on the working parts of the engine. 

A stationary boiler of ample steaming capacity, which will require less fuel, less attention 



49 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. (gy* 

and less repairs, is advisable in all cases when it can be used for boilers of 50 to ioo-horse 
power, an excellent form is shown in the engravings 93 and 1159, which are modifications of 
the Scotch Marine Boiler, universally in use on ocean steamships. 

These boilers require no brick work ; are structurally the strongest of all forms of boilers, 
and every part both inside and outside can be reached for examination or repairs. There are 



No. 93. 


no stay rods or bolts used with the exception of the stays required on the front and rear heads 
between the upper row of tubes and the top of the boiler. 

We furnish all classes of engines and boilers for hoisting, making a specialty of those de¬ 
scribed above, which are kept in stock ready for immediate delivery. We would be pleased to 
answer any inquiries and quote prices for any size or style of hoisting engine, for stationary or 
upright boilers. 











c. W. HUNT COMPANY, 


5o 



^ 3 ^ 















































































































































































































































COAL POCKETS AND STORAGE SHEDS. 


e OAL dealers know, by experience, that great strength is required in the timber-work in 
bins or sheds for storing coal. To get this strength so that there will be no press¬ 
ing out of the sides of the bin and at the same time not put in an excessive amount of timber, 
it is an important matter both in the first cost and in the maintenance afterwards, that the 
most approved plan should be adopted. 

Since 1873, we have made plans for a great many coal buildings of various kinds that 
have been built in different parts of the country, and as a result of our experience and observ¬ 
ation of this class of buildings, believe that certain methods of construction are better and 
also cheaper than the usual ones adopted by carpenters and builders, and we have adopted 
them in our designs. A great economy in the timber-work can be made by proportioning the 
size of each timber to the strain it has to bear, and where piles are used to so space them that 
each gets an equal load. Timber-work to be durable should have a breaking strength of at 
least eight times the amount of the permanent load upon it, and especial pains taken that it is 
not weakened in framing. Every piece should be framed so that in case of need it can be 
taken out and a new one inserted without disturbing other timbers, and if possible, should 
have a circulation of air so as to prevent decay. 

Another point that should be carefully considered in the construction of the building is 
the location of the chutes for drawing the coal into the carts ; they should be located in the 
most convenient position for use, and in such a way that no timbers need be cut away to make 
room for them, and so that the coal will be as completely drawn from the pocket as it is 
possible to do ; the chutes most suitable for Anthracite coal are shown elsewhere. Bituminous 


52 C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YOR K. 

coal requires a very much larger opening, and cannot in any case be made to run as freely as 
Anthracite. 

In tying the sides of buildings together, we have for many years used timber instead of 
iron rods, believing it to be very much better and also cheaper. Where rods are used, they 
bend down as the coal settles. Another difficulty is that in warm weather the rod expands 
with the heat and permits the sides of the coal bin to spring outward ; then a lower temper¬ 
ature will contract the iron and as the coal is too rigid to press upward the bolt either breaks 
or the bolt-head settles into the wood, as may be seen in almost any building tied together 
with iron rods. The use of timber entirely obviates both these troubles, and is less expensive. 
By placing the tie-timbers edgewise they will not break by the settling of the coal and a 
very secure fastening can be made, as shown in the engraving No. 1037. 

We have never known a fastening of this kind either to give way or show signs of weak¬ 
ness. Another feature in the plans of our coal pockets is that the posts do not run up thiough 
the pocket, even at the corners. The posts are short and capped with long timbers and the 
superstructure erected on these as upon a foundation. This permits any timber in the building 
to be removed in case of decay, without disturbing the others. This also permits the use of 
short timber, that costs less per thousand. We have designed large coal pockets where, for 
special reasons, there was no piece over six inches thick, or longer than sixteen feet. 

Where coal is received and delivered immediately, the advantage of coal pockets high 
enough to spout the coal directly into the carts is very great, as it effects a saving in the time 
in loading carts and wagons of about twenty minutes to a ton, and at the same time screening 
the coal better than it can be done by hand and depositing the pea and dust in a receptaclf 
between the posts to be removed at leisure. A far greater amount of business can be done 
on the same area, and less yard men are required. In the vicinity of New York the capacity 



C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 5 $ 

of the pockets is about one-tenth the yearly sales. The more frequently coal is received the 
smaller can be the size of the pocket in proportion to the annual sales. It is not usually 
economical to store coal in a pocket, as the interest on the cost and the depreciation of the 
pocket amounts to over twenty cents per ton for one year. 

Coal pockets holding from a thousand to four thousand tons require 70 to 80 feet of lumber, 
board measure, for each ton capacity. By adding to the cost of the lumber twelve or fourteen 
dollars per thousand feet for the carpenter work, a very close estimate of the cost of a coal pocket 
can be made ; to this must be added the cost of the foundation and the coal handling machinerv. 
The cost of storage sheds is from fifty cents to one dollar and a quarter for each square foot of 
ground covered. Storage sheds require special designs to suit different locations and materials 
to be stored. Several examples are given in the illustrations following ; some of these cover 
as much as five acres. 

Many advantages of a coal pocket can be had by building a tunnel (shown in cut 
No. 79) in the yard or storage shed. A cart drives in the tunnel, a valve is opened and the 
coal runs into the cart over a screen until loaded, in the same manner as in a pocket. It 
answers all the purposes of a coal pocket for all coal higher than the top of the valve in the tun¬ 
nel ; the coal below must be screened and loaded in the usual way. Many of these have been 
built and work economically, costing very much less to construct than a coal pocket. In 
addition to the timber needed for the building there will be needed about three hundred 
and fifty feet of lumber for each foot in length of tunnel. 

We furnish to parties who think of erecting coal pockets, storage sheds or wharves and 
foundations, preliminary plans without charge; but when more detailed building plans or 
specifications are needed, we make a reasonable charge for the time consumed in preparing 
them. 



C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 



Automatic Railway Car, with Truck, Dumping Block, Cross-bar, &c. 
For description see article on “ Automatic Railways. ’’ 





C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, pp? 


55 



No. 99 . No. 100 . 

99 — New York Gas Light Co. Two Elevators and Automatic Railways. 

100 — R. P, Elmon & Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Three Elevators and Automatic Railways, 




















56 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. (gp 5 * 


No. 109 


No. 121 . 



. fZ. 


No. 124 


No. 123 


No. 109 .—Joliet Steel Co., Chicago, Ill. Six Elevators and Automatic Railways for handling Iron Ore. 

No. 124 .—E. L. Hedstrom & Co., Chicago, South Side Yard. Four Elevators and Automatic Railways. 

No. 121 .—Baker Bros., Chicago, Ill. Two Elevators and Cars. 

No. 123 —J. E. Hathaway, Chicago, Ill., Kingsbury St. Yard. Two movable Elevators and Automatic Railways. 




























No. 115.— Calumet and Hecla Smelting Co., Lake Linden, Mich. Four Movable Elevators and Automatic Railways. 

No. 114 .— Columbus & Hocking Coal and Iron Co., Manitowoc, VVis. Four Movable Elevators, Automatic Railways and Pockets lor 
Coaling Locomotives. 

No. 106 . —Pennsylvania Coal Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Four Movable Elevators. 

No. 117 J. Conroy & Co., Charleston, S. C. Elevator and Cars. 











































58 



C. W. HUNT 


COMPANY, NEW YORK, (s) ? 


No. 112. 


No. 119. 



_ 




No. 107 


No. 131. 


No 112 —Louis Henes, Jr., & Co., Milwaukee. Two Elevators and four Automatic Tracks. 

No’ 107!_Union Ferry’Co., Brooklyn, N. Y., Atlantic Ave. Ferry. Elevators and Automatic Railways. 

Similar plants are at the Catherine and Hamilton Ferries. 

No 119 —G. H. Nichols & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Elevator and Automatic Railway. 

No'. 131.—Milwaukee City Water Works. System of Tracks and Cars for Coal handling. 
















































p£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. (^p ? 








....... 




pi 

V / 


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izr 

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No 138.—New Haven Gas Light Co., New Haven, Conn. Elevator ami Automatic Railway. 

No. 132 —Connecticut Asylum for the Insane, Middletown, Conn. Elevator and Automatic Railway. 

No. 94.—Coal Handling Machinery in Milwaukee, Wis. H. M. Benjamin, Pennsylvania Coal Co. and k.l Elmore Co, 







































6 o> 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


No. 137. 


No. 139. 



No. 137 —George E. Shield’s Brockvill.e, Canada. Elevator. . 

No. 133 — Union Elevated Railroad, Brooklyn, N. Y. Steam Shovel, Elevator and Automatic Railways. 

139 _Ogdensburgh Coal and Towing Company, Montreal, Canada. 1 wo Elevators and Automatic Railways* 

No. 130.—Pawtucket Coal Company. Automatic Railway. 


No. 133. 


No. 130, 































C> w - HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


61 



No. 108 —Lehigh and Franklin Coal Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Four-mast Elevators. 

No. 113 —C. H. Reynolds & Sons, Brooklyn, N. Y, Elevator, Automatic Railway and Coal Pocket. 

No. 104.—Charles Warner & (Jo.jvWilmington^ Del. Elevator, Automatic Railway and Pockets. 

No.- 130 —Equitable Gas Light Company, NeW York, Two plants. Steam Shovel, Elevator and Automatic Railways. 


No. 108. 


No. 104. 


No. 113. 


No. 120 





























6 2 



no- *** A — *—* 

No: ^-j^p^c^h^S; “ d c °“' “ 


























No. 116 — E L Hedstrom & Co.. South Chicago. Four Elevators, Automatic Railways and Coal Pockets. 

No 110—Pennsylvania Coal Co.. Chicago, South side yard 

No 101.—Robert Law. Chicago, Ill. Six Elevators and Automatic-Railways. The coal shed covers five acres. 
No. 103.—Brooklyn Sugar Refining Co., Brooklyn, N Y. Elevator, Automatic Railway and Coal Pocket. 

The Automatic car track is 80 feet above wharf. 








































6 \ **-(£) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK 


No. 96. 


No. 95. 


No. 96.—Lehigh Coal and Iron Co., West Superior, Wis. 
No. 95.—Milwaukee Gas Light Company. 


When docks have a long water front, the Elevators are set on wheels, running on a track along the water front, or on the 
side and top of the building. The engine is placed in the Elevator, and the whole affair moves to any part of the wharf required. 
In this way only as many Elevators are built as may be needed to unload at the requisite speed; yet a very long dock can be 
fully utilized. 



























c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


65 


K 



No. 141. 

H. G. Jordan & Co., Boston, Mass. 

Two Steam Shovels, Movable Elevators, Automatic Railways and Coal Pockets, complete, 












Vr ^) c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YOFvK. ' 



No. 143. 

Elevator, erected on a wharf some time after the building was built and finished, to correspond with the 

building. Jewell Milling Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

For description of Machinery, see the articles “ Elevator.” 


























































































c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK, (gp? 


67 









■SSL' 

‘iteuWi^sSs 






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No., 142. 

Elevator, Automatic Railway, Steam-Shovel and Coal Pocket, covered and finished in an ornamental manner. 
The frame-work and working parts are exactly the same as though they were not covered. 















































68 


c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YO RK. * 


No. 1. 



Steam Shovel, Automatic Railway and Elevator in a coal pocket holding 3,000 tons of coal. 





















































































































































I 


c. W. HUNT COMPANY. NEW YORK 





No. 128.—Automatic machinery, with bridge 300 feet span, especially adapted to iron ore handling. Elevator 
and bridge movable along the entire length of the wharf. 

No. 27—Elevator and Coal Pocket, as built by the Willard Asylum, Willard, N. Y. It costs no more to store 
the coal in the building than it would if it was on the front of the wharf. 










































































C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YO RK. <£j ~ 




No. 84,—Toronto Gas Light Co. Automatic Railway and Elevator. 

No. 85.—Curtis & Blaisdell. Coal Pockets, Automatic Railway and Elevator. The coal 

is hoisted 90 feet high. 

No. 2.—Elements of Elevator and Automatic Railway. 













































































































































































































































































































































































C. W. HUNT 






COMPANY, NEW YORK. 




























































































































































































72 


c. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW^ Y ° 11 K. 



No. 83. 


Steam-Shovel and Elevator, arranged for taking coal from a barge and spouting it to steamship. 



















































































































































v ^ C. W. HUNT COMPANY, 





This is the most powerful wharf machinery in the country, handling 16 ton boxes or 
cars as easily, and almost as rapidly, as our ordinary elevators handle one ton tubs. It greatly 
lessens the breakage, of coal in shipping 

The coal is carried from the mines to the shipping port in square boxes 8}4 feet wide, 


NEW 


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74 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. gp? 



No, 98.—Steam shovel on the deck of a coal vessel 


No. 97. — Steam shovel taking coal from cars, 



















HUNT ELEVATOR FOR SPECIAL WORK. 

■ 4 ? 



No. 84—Toronto Gas Light Co. Unloading cars with Steam Shovel and storing the coal in a building with Automatic railway 
No. 8.—Naugatuck Railroad, Bridgeport, Conn, Loading cars from a vessel. 


































































































COAL POCKETS. 


7 6 



Elevator and Coal Pocket, as built by the Willard Asylum, Willard, N. Y. It cost no more to 
store the coal in the building than it would if it was on the front of the wharf. 






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































77 


e. 


W. HUNT COMPANY. NEW YORK. 






No. 4. Plan of Automatic Railway Tracks. S. Tuttle’s Son & Co., P>rooklyn, 
No. 76. Twelve Automatic Tracks, Joliet Steel Co., Chicago, III. 










































































78 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. (gp*’ 



o o 

£ £ 



73.—Elevator with seven Automatic Tracks N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co., New Haven, Conn. 
77._Fifteen Automatic Tracks, Union Steel Co., Chicago. 

The automatic railway can have almost any curvature in the track at the loading end 
The above cuts show arrangements to suit particular wharves. 





















‘^) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


v*> 


79 



10 

6 

£ 





























































8o 


c. w 




. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. (5) ^ 



No. 112.7. 

Hunt Hoisting Engine for Steam-Shovel. 

Por description see article on “ Hoisting Engines.” 






























C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK 


81 




Hunt Rapid Hoisting Engine with Boiler on the same bed plate. 
For description, see article on “Hoisting Engines.” 





















































































82 


c. w 


HUNT COMPANY, NEW YO RK. 





No. 1135. 


No. 1133. 


No. 1134. 


Hunt Governor for automatically changing the speed of engine in coal hoisting. 
For description see article on Hoisting Engines. 

















G - w - HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 













No. 1159. 



Stationary Boiler without brick setting. 

This is a modification of the Scotch Marine Boiler that is in almost universal use on steamships. It is one of the 
strongest forms—every part can be reached inside or outside and makes steam readily 



























































































































C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 



J|#"MESH fob egg coal 

No. 151 
Coal Screens 


No. 1015. No. 1147 

Hoisting Blocks. Steel Coal Tubs. 

We print a special catalogue describing the above articles. 




























No. 1011. 
Wire Rope. 


^T) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 


85 




I'Ub Hooks for 
Coal Hoisting 




Mast and Gaff 

We print a special catalogue describing the above articles. 


No. 1054. 
Crane Chain. 





































































86 




W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK._ C^T' 



No. 1032 


No, 1016. 





No. 1031. 


No. 1026. 



Narrow Gauge Railways 

For Special Gars, see our catalogue on “ Industrial Railways. ’ 




































































































































fts-M 


87 


C. W. HUNT COMPANY, 


NEW YORK. gj-? 



No. 1178. 


No. 1073. 


No. 1086. 


Narrow Gauge Railways. 

For particulars see our catalogue on “ Industrial Railways. 



















88 


v ~fc) C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 






OUSE' 


HOUSE 




:CAR-'SHOB 


DRV INC, ROOM- 




' //////////////// 

PIN IS H E D/PA RTS 


BLAG 


MACHINE SHOP|5 ; 


ALLEN COURT 


No. 153. 


1, 2, 3, 4. 5. C>, 7, Level. 


s, 3, 10.1 in. 80 if 60 feet per mile. 

It.1 48 ‘-110 

12 13.1 4; 37 “ 142 

14, 15.1 “ 26 " 203 “ “ “ 


16. 


22 

or 240 feet per mile, 

17. 


20 

“ 264 

18, 19. 


15 

“ 352 . . 

20. 


13 

“ 406 

21. 


12 

“ 440 


The system of tracks at the works of the O. W. Hunt Company, at West New Brighton, Staten Island N Y for 
handling all kinds of machinery and supplies. Curves in use are 12 feet radius 

















































































































































c. W. HUNT COMPANY, N £ W YORK. 


89 



Cross section of the fire proof machine shop of the C. W. Hunt Company, West New Brighton, Staten Island, N Y. 

































































90 


c - w - HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 




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No. 1120. 


McCaslin Transfer. 

This is a chain conveyor that carries the material from the loading point to the storage bins in a direction eitl.Pr 
vertical, inclined, or horizontal, without shock, breakage, or violence. 















































































































































































' 
























■ 











































< * 





/A.- * . 







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. 































C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. 

W E design and furnish of our own make all parts of machinery for unloading vesseis, and storing cargoes of 
coal, ore; gypsum, and similar materials. We have been in this special line of business for more than 
fifteen years, and our coal handling machinery is in use in almost every port of America. We have ample 
shops and machinery, and manufacture everything we sell, except rails, rope and one class of engines. We also 
design and make plans for all classes of wharves, trestles and storage buildings for storing coal and ore, and similar 
materials. 

Business men must elect what class of customers to deal with. We seek that class of purchasers who wish articles 
built thoroughly well, and which have every part carefully made from the best materials, and who are willing to 
pay whatever amount may be necessary to obtain such articles. For this reason we give no anxious thought as to 
whether this or that can be made a little cheaper, but have the materials and workmanship just as thoroughly good as 
possible the sole criterion being whether the article will be better adapted for its work, or more durable in use. 
We do not care to sell any machine that is not as good in every respect as though the purchaser himself had selected 
the materials, and personally supervised its construction in our factory 

It is a common idea that, because coal is heavy and dusty, coal machinery is rough and coarse. This is a wholly 
mistaken belief. No Waltham watch or Baldwin locomotive is more carefully designed, the details more thoroughly 
studied, or the materials more carefully selected and worked into shape, than are the working parts of the Shovel, 
Elevator and Automatic Railway. It may seem at first sight to be a useless refinement to work to templets, turning 
shafts to vary less than one-thousandth of an inch, making taper fits and other refinements of modern mechanism, on 
machinery to be roughly handled, covered with grease and dust, and exposed to every storm, hut it is a positive 
economy. Durabil ty and freedom from delays justify this painstaking care and expense. 

We make regularly and always have in stock coal elevators or hoists, automatic and cable railways, narrow 
gauge surface railways and their equipment, self-filling steam shovels for coal, self righting steel tubs r or coal, stone or 
ore, bottom dumping locomotive coaling buckets, hoisting blocks for manilla rope, wire rope and chain, mast and gaff, 
fittings, wheelbarrows, coal screens, coal chutes counting registers, T-rail, spikes and fish joints, crucible steel wire rope, 
extra quality “Stevedore” manilla hoisting rope, crane chain, friction hoisting drums, and engines of various sizes 
especially adapted for rapid hoisting, locomotives, fiat, box, coal, coke and charging cars, switches, and crossings and 
every part of a complete system of narrow gauge railways. Everything except locomotives, kept in stock. These are 
always in process of construction, and can be furnished in from ten to sixty days. 

We will be glad to correspond with those who have use for this class of machinery. It is no trouble to reply to 
letters of inquiry. 

Our customers are entirely those who use and wear out the articles they purchase; consequently, 
quality takes precedence of cost with them. Having- no trade with middlemen, and paying: no com¬ 
missions, there is no temptation to reduce the quality of articles to compete with those who seek that 
class of business. 




C. W. HUNT COMPANY, NEW YORK. _sr ? 

MODERN COAL HANDLING MACHINERY. 




H. G. Jordon & Co., Coal Yard, Boston Mass Steam Shovels, Movable Elevators, Variable Automatic Hoisting 
Engines, Automatifetailways, Coal Pockets, and i creens. 
















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